AD/CVD finals: India, Indonesia and Laos modules

What Commerce decided

On September 11, 2026, the Department of Commerce announced its final affirmative determinations in the AD and CVD investigations of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, whether or not assembled into modules, from India, Indonesia and the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The six notices were published in the Federal Register on September 16, 2026. The product is classified under HTSUS 8541.42.0010 (cells) and 8541.43.0010 (modules).

AD and CVD are separate duties, each with its own rate. The final rates, as published:

• India — AD: 123.04% dumping margin, 107.17% cash deposit after subsidy offsets, for every named company and all others. CVD: 126.09% for the Mundra companies and all others.
• Indonesia — AD: 94.36% for PT Blue Sky Solar, PT REC Solar Energy and all others. CVD: 173.70% for PT Blue Sky Solar; 73.20% for PT REC Solar Energy and all others.
• Laos — AD: 65.43% margin, 65.03% cash deposit, for the Solarspace exporter combinations listed and the Laos-wide entity; the AD order notice amends these to 65.76% and 65.36% to correct a ministerial error. CVD: 82.03% for Solarspace and all others; 153.67% for Vietnam Sunergy.

Many of these rates rest on facts available with adverse inferences, which is why most companies in a country share one rate. Commerce also found critical circumstances in part — in the India AD case, for example, for Mundra Solar Energy, Mundra Solar PV, Kowa and Premier Energies.

The ITC vote and the orders

On October 14, 2026, the U.S. International Trade Commission determined unanimously that the U.S. industry is materially injured by these imports — a final affirmative determination (News Release 26-147). The ITC's critical-circumstances determinations were affirmative only for Indonesia, and negative for India and Laos. With both the Commerce and ITC determinations affirmative, Commerce issues the AD and CVD orders, and CBP collects cash deposits at the rates above on covered entries. The ITC filed its determinations on November 2, 2026, and Commerce signed the orders on November 4; see our note on the orders.

What it means if you are buying modules

• Three import channels get much more expensive. For India, AD and CVD deposits together exceed 230% of entered value on Commerce's published figures (107.17% + 126.09%, our arithmetic). Indonesia (94.36% + 73.20% for all others) and Laos (65.36% + 82.03%) are lower, but still above 100% combined — again our arithmetic on the published rates.
• The cell is what's in scope. The scope covers the cells "whether or not partially or fully assembled into other products, including, but not limited to, modules". Ask suppliers for cell and module origin in writing.
• The cost stacks with Section 232. From December 4, imported modules also face the Section 232 minimum import price and 15% duty, which apply in addition to AD/CVD.
• Read the fine print on landed duty. Critical circumstances were confirmed only for Indonesia, and later administrative reviews can change what an importer ultimately owes. When you buy imported modules, confirm who carries that liability for entries before and after the orders.

For how origin interacts with tax-credit eligibility, see domestic vs. imported solar panels and our FEOC compliance desk.